User Guides

Relevant Source Files

README.md

Purpose and Scope

This page provides practical guidance for users interacting with the SN106 Bittensor subnet system. It covers two primary user types: miners who provide concentrated liquidity and earn emissions, and validators who operate the reward calculation and weight submission infrastructure.

For technical implementation details, see System Architecture. For detailed configuration reference, see Configuration. For development and contribution information, see Development Setup.

Miner Workflow Guide

Miners participate in SN106 by providing concentrated liquidity to wAlpha/wTAO trading pairs on Solana and staking their position NFTs to earn emissions based on position quality and subnet performance.

Miner User Journey

graph TD
    subgraph "Token Bridging Phase"
        START["Miner with Bittensor Tokens"]
        BRIDGE["VoidAI Bridge<br/>bridge.voidai.com"]
        WRAPPED["wAlpha + wTAO<br/>Solana Tokens"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Liquidity Provision Phase"
        RAYDIUM["Raydium CLMM<br/>raydium.io"]
        POOL_SELECT["Select wAlpha/wTAO Pool<br/>Choose Price Range"]
        POSITION_NFT["Receive Position NFT<br/>Concentrated Liquidity"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Staking Phase"
        SN106_CONTRACT["SN106 Smart Contract<br/>Solana Program"]
        STAKE_NFT["Stake Position NFT<br/>Enter Reward System"]
        ACTIVE_POSITION["Active Earning Position"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Reward Generation"
        POSITION_SCORING["Position Quality Scoring<br/>Width + Distance + Liquidity"]
        SUBNET_PERFORMANCE["Subnet Alpha Performance<br/>Price-based Weights"]
        EMISSIONS["SN106 Emissions<br/>Based on Combined Score"]
    end
    
    START --> BRIDGE
    BRIDGE --> WRAPPED
    WRAPPED --> RAYDIUM
    RAYDIUM --> POOL_SELECT
    POOL_SELECT --> POSITION_NFT
    POSITION_NFT --> SN106_CONTRACT
    SN106_CONTRACT --> STAKE_NFT
    STAKE_NFT --> ACTIVE_POSITION
    ACTIVE_POSITION --> POSITION_SCORING
    ACTIVE_POSITION --> SUBNET_PERFORMANCE
    POSITION_SCORING --> EMISSIONS
    SUBNET_PERFORMANCE --> EMISSIONS

Sources: README.md:22-50

Step-by-Step Miner Instructions

Step	Action	Technical Details	Result
1	Bridge Tokens	Visit bridge.voidai.com, bridge alpha tokens and TAO from Bittensor to Solana	Receive wAlpha and wTAO tokens on Solana
2	Access Raydium	Navigate to raydium.io, select Concentrated Liquidity (CLMM)	Access to Solana DEX interface
3	Select Pool	Choose wAlpha/wTAO pairs for specific subnet tokens	Target specific alpha token pools
4	Set Range	Choose liquidity range (narrower ranges = higher potential rewards)	Define price concentration strategy
5	Provide Liquidity	Deposit tokens and receive position NFT	Obtain stakeable NFT position
6	Stake NFT	Stake position NFT to SN106 smart contract on Solana	Enter SN106 reward system

Reward Calculation Factors

Miner emissions depend on multiple factors that are evaluated by the validator system:

• Position Concentration: Narrower price ranges receive higher scores
• Market Proximity: Positions closer to current tick price score higher
• Liquidity Amount: Larger liquidity contributions increase base score
• Subnet Performance: Alpha token price performance affects pool allocation
• In-Range Status: Active positions receive prioritized scoring

Sources: README.md:41-46

Validator Operation Guide

Validators run the core infrastructure that monitors liquidity positions, calculates miner rewards, and submits weights to the Subtensor chain every 20 minutes.

Validator System Architecture

graph TD
    subgraph "Validator Process npm_run_validator"
        MAIN["validator/index.ts<br/>Main Orchestration"]
        TIMER["20-Minute Execution Cycle<br/>Automated Scheduling"]
        CONFIG_LOAD["config/environment.ts<br/>Load Configuration"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Data Collection Layer"
        CHAIN_FILTER["getEnabledChains()<br/>Multi-chain Selection"]
        SOLANA_FETCH["Solana Data Fetcher<br/>Raydium CLMM Positions"]
        HOTKEY_MAP["Hotkey to UID Mapping<br/>Bittensor Identity"]
        TICK_DATA["Current Tick Data<br/>Market State"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Scoring Engine"
        NFT_SCORE["NFT Position Scoring<br/>Width + Distance + Liquidity"]
        POOL_WEIGHTS["Pool Weight Calculator<br/>Subnet Performance"]
        MINER_AGGREGATION["Miner Weight Aggregation<br/>Per-miner Totals"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Weight Submission"
        EMA_SMOOTHING["EMA Weight Management<br/>Historical Smoothing"]
        BURN_CALC["Burn Calculation<br/>95% to UID 0"]
        SUBTENSOR_SUB["setWeightsOnSubtensor<br/>Chain Submission"]
        WEIGHT_HISTORY["weights/weights_history.json<br/>Audit Trail"]
    end
    
    MAIN --> TIMER
    MAIN --> CONFIG_LOAD
    TIMER --> CHAIN_FILTER
    CHAIN_FILTER --> SOLANA_FETCH
    MAIN --> HOTKEY_MAP
    MAIN --> TICK_DATA
    
    SOLANA_FETCH --> NFT_SCORE
    TICK_DATA --> NFT_SCORE
    NFT_SCORE --> POOL_WEIGHTS
    POOL_WEIGHTS --> MINER_AGGREGATION
    
    MINER_AGGREGATION --> EMA_SMOOTHING
    EMA_SMOOTHING --> BURN_CALC
    BURN_CALC --> SUBTENSOR_SUB
    SUBTENSOR_SUB --> WEIGHT_HISTORY

Sources: README.md:140-147

System Requirements

Component	Minimum	Recommended
CPU	4 cores	8 cores
RAM	8GB	16GB
Storage	50GB+ SSD	100GB+ SSD
Network	50+ Mbps	100+ Mbps
OS	Linux/macOS/Windows	Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

Required Dependencies

Software	Version	Purpose
Node.js	v18.0.0+	Runtime environment
npm	v8.0.0+	Package management
Git	Latest	Repository access

Blockchain Access Requirements

Network	Status	RPC Access Required
Solana	Active	Mainnet/Devnet RPC endpoint
Ethereum	Coming Soon	Mainnet RPC endpoint
Base	Coming Soon	Base network RPC endpoint
Subtensor	Required	Bittensor network WebSocket

Sources: README.md:53-81

Environment Configuration

Critical environment variables that must be configured in .env:

# Subtensor Configuration
SUBTENSOR_WS_URL=wss://your-subtensor-endpoint
VALIDATOR_HOTKEY_URI=your-hotkey-uri-or-mnemonic
NETUID=106

# Solana Configuration
SOLANA_RPC_ENDPOINT=https://your-solana-rpc
SN106_SVM_PROGRAM_ID=your-program-id
RAYDIUM_CLMM_PROGRAM_ID=your-clmm-program-id

# Burn Mechanism
BURN_PERCENTAGE=95

Hotkey Format Support

The VALIDATOR_HOTKEY_URI accepts multiple formats:

• Mnemonic: word1 word2 word3 ... word12
• Private Key: 0x1234... (hex format)
• URI: //Alice or other Polkadot-style URIs

Sources: README.md:104-132

Installation and Deployment

# Clone repository
git clone <repository-url>
cd sn106

# Install dependencies
npm install

# Configure environment
cp .env.example .env
nano .env

# Start validator
npm run validator

Validator Operation Cycle

The validator executes the following operations every 20 minutes:

1. Data Collection: Fetch NFT positions from getEnabledChains()
2. Performance Analysis: Calculate current tick data and position metrics
3. Weight Calculation: Determine miner weights via scoring algorithms
4. Burn Application: Apply 95% burn to UID 0, distribute 5% to miners
5. Subtensor Submission: Submit weights via setWeightsOnSubtensor
6. History Logging: Save submission to weights/weights_history.json

Monitoring and Maintenance

Monitoring Area	Location	Purpose
Operation Logs	Console output	Real-time operation status
Weight History	weights/weights_history.json	Submission audit trail
Health Checks	Automatic	Connection monitoring and reconnection
Performance Metrics	Log output	Batch processing and operation timing

The validator includes automatic error recovery, exponential backoff for failed operations, and comprehensive logging for debugging and monitoring purposes.

Sources: README.md:148-168